Saddam's Terrorist Ties
By Laurie Mylroie The New York Sun October 19, 2004
www.nysun.com/article/3413

The central issue in the presidential race is, arguably, the legitimacy of
the Iraq War. Is this conflict a necessary part of the war on terrorism? The
answer is decidedly yes, although this seems to be a fight the White House
would rather duck, even as documents now trickling out of Baghdad suggest
Saddam Hussein had extensive ties with terrorists, including with Islamic
militants.

One source for this claim is the widely discussed, but scarcely read, report
of the Iraq Survey Group, the coalition intelligence team that went into
Iraq after the war. As Richard Spertzel, an Iraq Survey Group member who
also had served with the United Nations Iraq weapons inspections team,
explained in the Wall Street Journal, "Documentation indicates that Iraq was
training non-Iraqis at Salman Pak in terrorist techniques, including
assassination and suicide bombing. In addition to Iraqis, trainees included
Palestinians, Yemenis, Saudis, Lebanese, Egyptians and Sudanese."

Soon after September 11, 2001, two Iraqi defectors came forward, explaining
that Iraqi intelligence had trained non-Iraqi Arab militants at itsextensive
compound at Salman Pak, an area south of Baghdad. Among the skills taught
there was hijacking airplanes. One defector even drew a sketch of the area,
showing a passenger plane parked in the southwest corner of a large
compound.

When American marines took over Salman Pak in early April 2003, they indeed
found the terrorist training camp, the airplane, and the foreign terrorists.
An American military spokesman affirmed, "The nature of the work being done
by some of those people we captured. ..gives us the impression that there is
terrorist training that was conducted at Salman Pak." The marines "inferred"
that the airplane "was used to practice hijacking," the Associated Press
reported. Saddam's apologists claim the camp was for counterterrorism
training, but that seems highly improbable.

Iraqi documents, dating from January to May 1993, suggest that Baghdad's
training of terrorists goes back over a decade - at least to the period
following Iraq's August 1990 invasion of Kuwait. That training was
interrupted by the 1991 war, but appears to have resumed not long
afterwards.

These documents, leaked by a Pentagon official to Scott Wheeler of Cybercast
News Service, are posted on its Web site. Bruce Tefft, a retired CIA
counter-terrorism official who worked on Iraq; MEMRI's Nimrod Raphaeli;
Middle East scholar Walid Phares; and this author have all expressed their
confidence in the documents' authenticity. They are on official Iraqi
letterhead and are essentially a 40-page correspondence between Iraqi
intelligence and Saddam's office.

Responding to a request from Saddam, M-14, the division of Iraqi
intelligence responsible for training and conducting special operations,
produced a report dated April 1, 1993. The seven page document lists 100
"Arab fedayeen," whom it had trained in Iraq during the fall of 1990.Their
nationalities include a wide swath of the Arab world: Palestinians, Syrians,
Lebanese, Egyptians, Moroccans, Tunisians, Sudanese, and Eritreans, who are
not usually considered Arab.

One important relationship discussed in the documents is Iraq's support for
the militant domestic opponents of the Egyptian government, a key Arab
member of the 1990-91 coalition against Iraq. Three weeks prior to the
Persian Gulf War, on December 24, 1990, Iraqi intelligence concluded an
agreement on a plan of sabotage against Cairo with a representative of the
Egyptian Islamic Group, whose leader, Shaykh Omar Abdul Rahman, was
subsequently tried and convicted for terrorism in New York. Those operations
ended with the February 28, 1991, cease-fire, according to these papers.

The documents also indicate that Iraqi intelligence, along with Sudan's
Islamic government, allied with Iraq, pressed in early 1993 to resume
operational support for Egypt's militants. Saddam rejected this, ordering
that Iraq's backing for them remain limited to financial support for the
time being.

Nonetheless, the director of Iraqi intelligence informed the palace that the
vice chairman of Sudan's governing National Islamic Front would be sending a
leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad - a group headed by Ayman al-Zawahiri, who
subsequently became Osama bin Laden's deputy - to Baghdad on a Sudanese
plane carrying meat. The U.N. Security Council actually gave Sudan an
exemption for such flights, creating a strange, unnecessary breach in the
air embargo then imposed on Iraq.

An 11-page document dated January 25, 1993, lists various organizations with
which Iraqi intelligence maintained contacts. It recommends "the use of Arab
Islamic elements which were fighting in Afghanistan and now have no place to
go and who are currently in Somalia, Sudan, and Egypt." Saddam approves the
suggestion, with the order to "concentrate on Somalia."

The document also mentions a group called Hezb-e-Islami, headed by Gulbuddin
Hekmatyar. Noting that Iraqi intelligence established a relationship with
this party in 1989, the document states that Iraq now had a direct
relationship with Hekmatyar. This man was, in turn, an important ally of
Osama bin Ladin. In a terrorism case in Chicago, the U.S. Attorney's Office
affirmed, "Hekmatyar was aligned with Osama bin Ladin in Afghanistan after
al Qaida was formed in 1988, and indeed many of al Qaida's camps were
located in territory controlled by Hekmatyar."

The report of the Iraq Survey Group presents further evidence of Iraq's
involvement in hostile activities. It includes the most comprehensive
account of the Iraqi Intelligence Service ever published in open-source
literature, depicting an organization that consisted of "over twenty
compartmentalized directorates." Section M-14 included the "Tiger Group" -
"primarily composed of suicide bombers. "It also supervised the "Challenge
Project," a highly secretive enterprise involved with explosives, about
which the Iraq Survey Group could learn little. Another section - M-21 - was
formed in 1990 to create explosive devices for Iraqi intelligence. Its
chemistry department developed explosive materials; its electronics
department prepared timers and wiring; and its mechanical department
produced igniters and designed the bombs.

This picture shows the substantial, longstanding involvement of Iraq's
intelligence services in terrorist training and support operations,
including collaboration with Islamic militants. Its activities were
infinitely more sophisticated than anything that was taught to the
mujahideen fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan. This underscores just how
odd it is that our default explanation for terrorism has now become Al
Qaida - which did not have a chemistry department, one of countless points
that distinguishes that organization from the intelligence service of a
major terrorist state.

The Iraqi documents described here have received little public attention, as
the Bush administration has said virtually nothing about them. Many people
find it incomprehensible that significant information linking Iraq to
terrorism would exist, and the White House would say virtually nothing about
it. Every discussion of that link, particularly between Saddam's so-called
secular regime and Islamic militants, produces an enormous caterwauling from
a variety of parties vested in the notions that the militants acted on their
own and that Saddam was little threat.

Yet never before has a president sent America's soldiers into combat, while
understating the reasons for that conflict. A full explanation of the
reasons for a war is strategically as well as morally essential. It is
critical for maintaining support on the home front. And the soldiers who
risk life and limb are entitled to understand why they are being asked to
make such sacrifices, as are their families.

Moreover, the matter of Baghdad's long-standing co-operation with Islamic
militants is critical to understanding the current battles in Iraq. Who,
exactly, is the enemy? Do the foreign terrorists there operate independently
of the Baathists? Or do the attacks reflect an ongoing relationship, dating
back to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, in which the Baathists worked with and
hid behind Islamic militants? And what is the role of the Syrian Baath? It
is striking that nowhere in these Iraqi documents can one find the least
suggestion that Iraqi intelligence had any qualms about working with the
Islamic militants.

President Bush made a necessary and courageous decision for war with Iraq.
He inherited from the Clinton administration a fatally flawed explanation
for terrorism: the role of states in such attacks had been supplanted by
shadowy networks, above all Al Qaeda. This view was articulated and
maintained for nearly the entirety of Clinton's eight years in office. As so
many people accepted, endorsed, and promulgated it, it has generated
ferocious opposition to the notion that Saddam was involved in terrorism.
Yet unless the White House itself takes a much bolder lead in presenting the
ever-clearer picture of Iraq's ties with terrorists, the arguments regarding
this war will remain hopelessly distorted.

Ms.Mylroie is a member of the Committee on the Present Danger and the author
of "Bush vs.the Beltway: The Inside Battle Over War in Iraq" (HarperCollins,
2004).