News Release
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The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Hebrew University archaeologist discovers
Jerusalem city wall from tenth century B.C.E.

Jerusalem, February 22, 2010 - A section of an ancient city wall of
Jerusalem from the tenth century B.C.E. - possibly built by King Solomon --
has been revealed in archaeological excavations directed by Dr. Eilat Mazar
and conducted under the auspices of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

The section of the city wall revealed, 70 meters long and six meters high,
is located in the area known as the Ophel, between the City of David and the
southern wall of the Temple Mount.

Uncovered in the city wall complex are: an inner gatehouse for access into
the royal quarter of the city, a royal structure adjacent to the gatehouse,
and a corner tower that overlooks a substantial section of the adjacent
Kidron valley.

The excavations in the Ophel area were carried out over a three-month period
with funding provided by Daniel Mintz and Meredith Berkman, a New York
couple interested in Biblical Archeology. The funding supports both
completion of the archaeological excavations and processing and analysis of
the finds as well as conservation work and preparation of the site for
viewing by the public within the Ophel Archaeological Park and the national
park around the walls of Jerusalem.

The excavations were carried out in cooperation with the Israel Antiquities
Authority, the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, and the Company for the
Development of East Jerusalem. Archaeology students from the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem as well as volunteer students from the Herbert W.
Armstrong College in Edmond, Oklahoma, and hired workers all participated in
the excavation work.

"The city wall that has been uncovered testifies to a ruling presence. Its
strength and form of construction indicate a high level of engineering",
Mazar said. The city wall is at the eastern end of the Ophel area in a high,
strategic location atop the western slop of the Kidron valley.

"A comparison of this latest finding with city walls and gates from the
period of the First Temple, as well as pottery found at the site, enable us
to postulate with a great degree of assurance that the wall that has been
revealed is that which was built by King Solomon in Jerusalem in the latter
part of the tenth century B.C.E.," said Mazar

"This is the first time that a structure from that time has been found that
may correlate with written descriptions of Solomon's building in Jerusalem,"
she added. "The Bible tells us that Solomon built -- with the assistance of
the Phoenicians, who were outstanding builders -- the Temple and his new
palace and surrounded them with a city, most probably connected to the more
ancient wall of the City of David." Mazar specifically cites the third
chapter of the First Books of Kings where it refers to "until he (Solomon)
had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and
the wall of Jerusalem round about."

The six-meter-high gatehouse of the uncovered city wall complex is built in
a style typical of those from the period of the First Temple like Megiddo,
Beersheva and Ashdod. It has symmetrical plan of four identical small rooms,
two on each side of the main passageway. Also there was a large, adjacent
tower, covering an area of 24 by 18 meters, which was intended to serve as a
watchtower to protect entry to the city. The tower is located today under
the nearby road and still needs to be excavated. Nineteenth century British
surveyor Charles Warren, who conducted an underground survey in the area,
first described the outline of the large tower in 1867 but without
attributing it to the era of Solomon.

"Part of the city wall complex served as commercial space and part as
security stations," explained Mazar. Within the courtyard of the large tower
there were widespread public activities, she said. It served as a public
meeting ground, as a place for conducting commercial activities and cult
activities, and as a location for economic and legal activities.

Pottery shards discovered within the fill of the lowest floor of the royal
building near the gatehouse also testify to the dating of the complex to the
10th century B.C.E. Found on the floor were remnants of large storage jars,
1.15 meters in height, that survived destruction by fire and that were found
in rooms that apparently served as storage areas on the ground floor of the
building. On one of the jars there is a partial inscription in ancient
Hebrew indicating it belonged to a high-level government official.

"The jars that were found are the largest ever found in Jerusalem," said
Mazar, adding that "the inscription that was found on one of them shows that
it belonged to a government official, apparently the person responsible for
overseeing the provision of baked goods to the royal court."

In addition to the pottery shards, cult figurines were also found in the
area, as were seal impressions on jar handles with the word "to the king,"
testifying to their usage within the monarchy. Also found were seal
impressions (bullae) with Hebrew names, also indicating the royal nature of
the structure. Most of the tiny fragments uncovered came from intricate wet
sifting done with the help of the salvaging Temple Mount Sifting Project,
directed by Dr. Gabriel Barkai and Zachi Zweig, under the auspice of the
Nature and Parks Authority and the Ir David Foundation.

Between the large tower at the city gate and the royal building the
archaeologists uncovered a section of the corner tower that is eight meters
in length and six meters high. The tower was built of carved stones of
unusual beauty.

East of the royal building, another section of the city wall that extends
for some 35 meters also was revealed. This section is five meters high, and
is part of the wall that continues to the northeast and once enclosed the
Ophel area.

Photos available via e-mail upon request and at the following link:
http://bit.ly/cRvAeH

For further information: Jerry Barach, Dept. of Media Relations, the Hebrew
University,
Tel: 02-588-2904. Orit Sulitzeanu, Hebrew University spokesperson, Tel:
054-8820016.